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Within the context of three mining agreements in north Australia this study considers Indigenous livelihood aspirations and their intersection with sustainable development agendas.

Law - Africa, Asia, Pacific & Antarctica --- Law - Non-U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Aboriginal Australians --- Mines and mining --- Social conditions. --- Aboriginals, Australian --- Aborigines, Australian --- Australian aboriginal people --- Australian aboriginals --- Australian aborigines --- Australians, Aboriginal --- Australians, Native (Aboriginal Australians) --- Native Australians (Aboriginal Australians) --- Ethnology --- Indigenous peoples

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This paper assesses the efficiency of education expenditure in Portugal and delineates a possible agenda for reform. Portugal’s low educational performance has coincided with the highest level of primary and secondary education expenditure to GDP in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), suggesting considerable inefficiency. Empirical results from the application of a nonparametric technique for production frontier estimation (Free Disposable Hull analysis) support this view. Among the reforms that could be considered to raise educational efficiency are the adoption of a goal-oriented management and incentive system; establishment of minimum student/teacher ratios; and an easing of employment and work rules governing public school teachers.

Public Finance --- Demography --- Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- Education: General --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Demographic Economics: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Education --- Public finance & taxation --- Population & demography --- Education spending --- Aging --- Population and demographics --- Public expenditure review --- Expenditure --- Expenditures, Public --- Population aging --- Population --- Portugal

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A lively and polemical analysis of photography and today's vernacular photographic culture. In Photography After Capitalism, Benedict Burbridge makes the case for a radically expanded conception of photography, encompassing the types of labor too often obscured by black-boxed technologies, slick platform interfaces, and the compulsion to display lives to others. His lively and polemical analysis of today's vernacular photographic cultures shines new light on the hidden work of smartphone assembly teams, digital content moderators, Street View car drivers, Google "Scan-Ops,"low-paid gallery interns, homeless participant photographers, and the photo-sharing masses.

Photography.

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This paper assesses the effects of capital controls imposed in Colombia in 2007 on capital flows and exchange rate dynamics. The results suggest that the controls were successful in reducing external borrowing, but had no statistically significant impact on the volume of non- FDI flows as a whole. We find no evidence that restrictions to capital mobility moderated the appreciation of Colombia's currency, or increased the degree of independence of monetary policy. We also find that controls have significantly increased the volatility of the exchange rate. Additional research is needed to assess the effects of capital controls on financial stability.

Finance --- Business & Economics --- International Finance --- Capital movements. --- Foreign exchange rates --- Econometric models. --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange --- International finance --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Public Finance --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Contingent Pricing --- Futures Pricing --- option pricing --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- International economics --- Currency --- Pensions --- Capital controls --- Exchange rates --- Capital inflows --- Pension spending --- Expenditure --- Capital movements --- Colombia

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International relations. --- 822.1 Verenigde NatiesUnited Nations.Verenigde Naties--(algemeen)--UNO --- International relations --- 341.123 UNO --- 822.1 Verenigde Naties --- 341.123 UNO United Nations.Verenigde Naties--(algemeen)--UNO --- United Nations.Verenigde Naties--(algemeen)--UNO --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- United Nations. --- UN --- UNO --- United Nations law --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Relations internationales --- United Nations --- Nations Unies --- Naciones Unidas --- ONU --- Organisation des Nations Unies --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- OON --- Vereinigte Nationen --- Umot ha-meʼuḥadot --- Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych --- ONZ --- Forente nasjoner --- Forenede nationer --- FN --- Förenta nationerna --- Gaertʻianebuli erebi --- Organização das Nações Unidas --- PBB --- Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa --- Kokusai Rengō --- Kokuren --- ENSZ --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szövetsége --- Birleșmiș Milletler Teșkilâtı --- Birlăşmiş Millătăr Tăşkilatı --- Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti --- BMT --- YK --- Yhdistyneet kansakunnat --- OUN --- Organizacija Ujedinjenih Nacija --- NU --- Nazioni Unite --- OSN --- Organizace spojených národů --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttafiq --- Bangsa² Bersatu --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- ÜRO --- Organismos tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Umoja wa Mataifa --- Vereinten Nationen --- Vereinte Nationen --- Hayʼat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- Verenigde Naties --- VN --- Organizația Națiunilor Unite --- Um --- Lien ho kuo --- OKB --- Organizata e Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Lian he guo --- U.N. --- Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- OĒE --- Hēnōmena Ethnē --- Organizácia Spojených Národov --- Sahaprachāchāt --- Națiunile Unite --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na obedinenite nat︠s︡ii --- Organismos Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Manẓūmat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- AAN --- Arhanizatsyi︠a︡ Ab'i︠a︡dnanykh Natsyĭ --- Nações Unidas --- Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Ob'i︠e︡dnanykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- O.Ē.E. --- ʻOngkān Sahaprachāchāt --- Sjuninejal Konob'laq --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Nėgdsėn U̇ndėstniĭ Baĭguullaga --- NUB --- Rāshṭrasaṃgha --- או״מ --- أمم المتحدة --- الأمم المتحدة --- سازمان ملل متحد --- 国際連合 --- 联合囯 --- 聯合國 --- United Nations Organization --- Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Liên Hợp Quó̂c --- LHQ --- Kula Samagga --- YūʼAṅʻnʻ --- 联合国 --- Организация на обединените нации --- Организация Объединённых Наций